Guidance and feedback · GCSE PE

Types of guidance

Visual guidance: demonstrations, videos or diagrams. Good for beginners, who can see what the skill should look like.
Verbal guidance: telling the performer what to do. Useful alongside visual guidance, but too much information can overload a beginner.
Manual guidance: physically moving or supporting the performer, such as holding a gymnast during a handspring. It builds confidence and safety.
Mechanical guidance: using equipment to help, such as a float in swimming or a harness in trampolining.

Intrinsic feedback comes from within, from how the movement felt. Extrinsic feedback comes from others, such as a coach.
Concurrent feedback happens during the movement; terminal feedback comes after it.
Knowledge of results is about the outcome, such as whether the ball went in. Knowledge of performance is about the quality of the technique.
Positive feedback praises what went well; negative feedback points out what went wrong so it can be corrected.

Beginners need visual and manual guidance, extrinsic feedback, knowledge of results and positive feedback to stay motivated.
Experienced performers can use verbal guidance, intrinsic feedback, knowledge of performance and negative feedback to fine-tune skills.

Visual guidance: Showing a performer what to do, such as a demonstration.
Verbal guidance: Telling a performer what to do.
Manual guidance: Physically supporting or moving the performer.
Mechanical guidance: Using equipment to help the performer, such as a float.
Intrinsic feedback: Feedback from within, about how the movement felt.
Extrinsic feedback: Feedback from outside, such as from a coach.
Knowledge of results: Feedback about the outcome of a movement.
Knowledge of performance: Feedback about the quality of the technique.