Conquest and settlement, c790–c1500
- Vikings raided from 793 (Lindisfarne) and later settled. The Normans conquered England in 1066. Under the Angevins, English kings ruled much of France, which was lost by the end of the Hundred Years' War (1453).
Expansion and empire, c1500–c1750
- Elizabethan sailors such as Drake and Raleigh explored and raided. The East India Company was founded in 1600, and the first lasting colony was Jamestown, Virginia (1607).
- Britain became a leading slave-trading nation, transporting enslaved Africans across the Atlantic.
Expansion and empire, c1750–c1900
- Britain lost the American colonies (1783) but gained an empire in India, ruled directly by the Crown after the Indian Rebellion (1857).
- The slave trade was abolished in 1807 and slavery in the empire in 1833. In the 'Scramble for Africa', Britain took large areas; the Boer War (1899–1902) showed the costs of empire.
Britain in the 20th and 21st centuries
- India and Pakistan became independent in 1947, and most colonies followed in the 1950s–60s. The Commonwealth replaced the empire.
- Migrants from the Commonwealth, such as the Windrush generation (1948), helped rebuild Britain. Britain joined the EEC in 1973 and voted to leave the EU in 2016.
Key terms
- Angevin empire
- The lands in England and France ruled by Henry II and his sons.
- East India Company
- The trading company that came to rule much of India.
- Abolition
- Ending the slave trade (1807) and slavery (1833) in the British Empire.
- Indian Rebellion
- The 1857 uprising, after which the Crown ruled India directly.
- Scramble for Africa
- The race by European powers to take African land.
- Decolonisation
- Colonies gaining independence.
Quick questions on Britain: Migration, empires and the people, c790–present
- Where did the first big Viking raid take place, in 793?
- Lindisfarne: Vikings later settled in England.
- When was the East India Company founded?
- 1600: It came to rule much of India.
- What was Britain's first lasting colony in America?
- Jamestown, Virginia (1607): It was founded by the Virginia Company.
- When did Britain abolish the slave trade?
- 1807: Slavery itself was abolished in the empire in 1833.
- What happened after the Indian Rebellion (1857)?
- The Crown took direct control of India: Queen Victoria became Empress of India in 1876.
- What was the Scramble for Africa?
- The race by European powers to take African land: Britain took large areas.
- When did India become independent?
- 1947: Pakistan was created at the same time.
- What did the Windrush generation do?
- Came from the Caribbean to help rebuild Britain after the war: The Empire Windrush arrived in 1948.
Practise Britain: Migration, empires and the people, c790–present: 10 questions