Who were the Huguenots?

French Protestants who fled persecution

Why did Jewish refugees come to the East End from the 1880s?

To escape pogroms in the Russian Empire

Vikings raided and then settled in the Danelaw. After 1066, Normans became the ruling class.
Jewish people came after 1066 and worked as moneylenders; they faced violence and were expelled by Edward I in 1290. Flemish weavers came to work in the cloth trade.

Africans lived in Tudor England, such as John Blanke, a royal trumpeter. Jewish people were allowed back in 1656, under Cromwell.
Huguenots (French Protestants) fled persecution, especially after 1685. Many settled in Spitalfields as silk weavers.

Many Irish people came, especially after the Great Famine (1845–49), working as labourers and living in poor areas.
Jewish refugees fled pogroms in the Russian Empire from the 1880s and settled in London's East End; the Aliens Act (1905) later limited migration.

The Empire Windrush (1948) brought people from the Caribbean, and the British Nationality Act (1948) let Commonwealth citizens settle. Many came to fill job shortages.
The Commonwealth Immigrants Act (1962) restricted entry. Race Relations Acts (1965, 1968, 1976) made discrimination illegal. Ugandan Asians came in 1972, and many Eastern Europeans after the EU grew in 2004.

Caribbean migrants faced poor housing and exploitative landlords such as Peter Rachman, and racism in work and on the streets.
Race riots broke out in Notting Hill in 1958, and Kelso Cochrane was murdered in 1959. Claudia Jones organised a Caribbean carnival in 1959, and the Notting Hill Carnival began in the 1960s. The Mangrove restaurant (1968) became a community centre.

Danelaw: The part of England where Viking law applied.
Expulsion: Forcing a group out of the country, as Edward I did to the Jewish people in 1290.
Huguenots: French Protestants who fled persecution to England.
Pogrom: An organised attack on Jewish people.
Windrush: The ship that brought Caribbean migrants in 1948; also the generation who came.
Commonwealth: The group of countries that were once part of the British Empire.
Rachmanism: Exploiting tenants, named after the landlord Peter Rachman.
Race Relations Acts: Laws (1965, 1968, 1976) against racial discrimination.

Which king expelled Jewish people from England in 1290?: Edward I: They were allowed back in 1656 under Cromwell.
Who were the Huguenots?: French Protestants who fled persecution: Many became silk weavers in Spitalfields.
What led many Irish people to come to Britain in the 1840s?: The Great Famine: Potato blight caused mass starvation in Ireland.
Why did Jewish refugees come to the East End from the 1880s?: To escape pogroms in the Russian Empire: The Aliens Act (1905) later restricted migration.
What arrived in 1948 with migrants from the Caribbean?: The Empire Windrush: The British Nationality Act of 1948 let Commonwealth citizens settle.
What did the Commonwealth Immigrants Act (1962) do?: Restricted entry to Britain: Entry now depended on having a job or skills.
What happened in Notting Hill in 1958?: Race riots: White youths attacked Caribbean people and homes.
Who organised a Caribbean carnival in 1959?: Claudia Jones: It led towards the Notting Hill Carnival.