Plot
- Prospero, the overthrown Duke of Milan, has lived on an island for twelve years with his daughter Miranda, the spirit Ariel and Caliban, son of the witch Sycorax.
- Prospero uses magic to raise a storm and shipwreck his enemies: his brother Antonio, who took his dukedom, and Alonso, King of Naples, with Sebastian, Gonzalo and Alonso's son Ferdinand.
- Ferdinand and Miranda fall in love. Antonio and Sebastian plot to kill Alonso, and Caliban plots with Stephano and Trinculo to kill Prospero; both plots fail.
- Prospero forgives his enemies, frees Ariel, gives up his magic and returns to Milan. In the epilogue he asks the audience to set him free.
Themes and context
- Power and control, colonialism (Prospero takes Caliban's island), forgiveness and revenge, magic, freedom and imprisonment.
- Written around 1610–11, when Europeans were exploring and settling the Americas; accounts of a shipwreck on Bermuda (1609) may have inspired it.
Form
- A late play (romance) that mostly follows the unity of time: the action takes about the length of the performance.
Key terms
- Usurp
- To take power wrongly, as Antonio took Prospero's dukedom.
- Colonialism
- One people taking control of another's land.
- Epilogue
- A speech at the end of a play.
- Romance
- A late Shakespeare play mixing danger, magic, forgiveness and reunion.
Quick questions on The Tempest
- Who is the overthrown Duke of Milan in The Tempest?
- Prospero: His brother Antonio took his dukedom.
- Who is Prospero's daughter?
- Miranda: She falls in love with Ferdinand.
- What kind of being is Ariel?
- A spirit who serves Prospero: Prospero frees him at the end.
- Who claims the island was his before Prospero came?
- Caliban: This links the play to colonialism.
- Who plots to kill Alonso?
- Antonio and Sebastian: Ariel stops them.
- How does the play end for Prospero?
- He forgives his enemies and gives up his magic: He asks the audience to free him in the epilogue.
- What starts the action of the play?
- A storm raised by Prospero's magic: It brings his enemies to the island.
- Which theme does Caliban's treatment raise?
- Colonialism: Prospero took the island and made Caliban serve him.