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The Tempest

GCSE English Literature revision notes, key terms and practice questions.

Plot

  • Prospero, the overthrown Duke of Milan, has lived on an island for twelve years with his daughter Miranda, the spirit Ariel and Caliban, son of the witch Sycorax.
  • Prospero uses magic to raise a storm and shipwreck his enemies: his brother Antonio, who took his dukedom, and Alonso, King of Naples, with Sebastian, Gonzalo and Alonso's son Ferdinand.
  • Ferdinand and Miranda fall in love. Antonio and Sebastian plot to kill Alonso, and Caliban plots with Stephano and Trinculo to kill Prospero; both plots fail.
  • Prospero forgives his enemies, frees Ariel, gives up his magic and returns to Milan. In the epilogue he asks the audience to set him free.

Themes and context

  • Power and control, colonialism (Prospero takes Caliban's island), forgiveness and revenge, magic, freedom and imprisonment.
  • Written around 1610–11, when Europeans were exploring and settling the Americas; accounts of a shipwreck on Bermuda (1609) may have inspired it.

Form

  • A late play (romance) that mostly follows the unity of time: the action takes about the length of the performance.

Key terms

Usurp
To take power wrongly, as Antonio took Prospero's dukedom.
Colonialism
One people taking control of another's land.
Epilogue
A speech at the end of a play.
Romance
A late Shakespeare play mixing danger, magic, forgiveness and reunion.

Quick questions on The Tempest

Who is the overthrown Duke of Milan in The Tempest?
Prospero: His brother Antonio took his dukedom.
Who is Prospero's daughter?
Miranda: She falls in love with Ferdinand.
What kind of being is Ariel?
A spirit who serves Prospero: Prospero frees him at the end.
Who claims the island was his before Prospero came?
Caliban: This links the play to colonialism.
Who plots to kill Alonso?
Antonio and Sebastian: Ariel stops them.
How does the play end for Prospero?
He forgives his enemies and gives up his magic: He asks the audience to free him in the epilogue.
What starts the action of the play?
A storm raised by Prospero's magic: It brings his enemies to the island.
Which theme does Caliban's treatment raise?
Colonialism: Prospero took the island and made Caliban serve him.

Practise The Tempest: 10 questions

Previous topic: Romeo and JulietNext topic: The Merchant of Venice

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